At present, due to China's strict requirements on environmental protection, high standards such as National IV are implemented for three-wheeled motorcycles. With the widespread application of new energy vehicles, research has been initiated to formulate a timetable for the withdrawal of fuel vehicles. At present, electric bicycles have become an important means of transportation for consumers' daily short-distance travel, and they have a certain cargo capacity. However, the cargo capacity and safety factor are relatively low. Therefore, electric three-wheeled trucks have been derived. According to different purposes, electric tricycles are mainly divided into passenger type, freight type, and factory type. Passenger-type electric tricycles are mainly used for urban and rural leisure, carrying passengers and walking for the elderly; freight-type electric tricycles are mainly used for transporting bulk materials, urban logistics distribution, etc.; factory-type electric tricycles are mainly used in brick factories, engineering, tunnels and other fields.
1. The working principle and structure of the electric tricycle:
Working principle: The battery provides the power supply output to the drive motor, the motor rotates to drive the rear axle and the rear wheels to output drive power, and the front wheels are driven by the rear wheels to make the whole vehicle move forward.
The main structure is introduced by taking Zongshen Tianshen 150 as an example. The main structure is divided into: body and bearing system, power and transmission system, steering control system, motor and electric control system, electrical system, etc.
Body and bearing system: mainly composed of frame, rear compartment, front fork assembly, rear shock absorber, seat, front and rear wheels, etc.; the frame is an integrated structure with seat bucket and front windshield; the length of the compartment is 1.5 m;Hydraulic closed front shock absorption; five spring steel plate rear shock absorption; self-contained compartment flip seat cushion, backrest, bucket seat cushion.
Power and transmission system: battery, integrated shift rear axle or differential integrated rear axle, etc. The battery can be lithium battery or lead-acid battery.
Manipulation control system: handle tube, brake handle, switch, cable, pull rod, brake drum, shift control, etc.
Motor electronic control system: frequency conversion brushless motor, frequency conversion controller, Hall handle, etc. Motor power: 800W, 1000W, 1200W, 1500W are optional, and the whole vehicle is arranged on the left rear; the controller has 18 tubes, 24 tubes, and 36 tubes for option.
Electrical system: LCD instruments, lamps, speakers, wire harnesses, chargers, etc.
2. Manufacturing process
The manufacturing process of electric tricycles has gradually developed and improved, and four major processes of automobile manufacturing are adopted: stamping, welding, painting, and final assembly.
Material processing: sheet metal stamping, profile bending arc punching. Welding: After processing, the parts are welded together with other profiles to form white blanks such as carriages and frames. Coating of welding parts: pickling, phosphating, scraping, baking varnish. Assembly: part assembly, line assembly, commissioning, inspection, packaging. More advanced technologies include CNC pipe bending machine bending, more precise robot cutting, more beautiful and firm robot welding seams, automatic spraying line spraying parts, and automatic assembly line assembling complete vehicles.
3. Market application:
Electric three-wheeled trucks are suitable for short- and medium-distance cargo transportation, and the price is low. In recent years, electric three-wheeled trucks have greatly improved in carrying capacity, climbing capacity, and intelligence, which are very suitable for the needs of ordinary people.
How to choose:
1. Select the model to see the configuration:
Choose different models according to the load capacity. Generally, the models have large compartments and large load capacity. For large cargo capacity, select the one with large motor power and large number of controllers. The gear selection style with a large slope can achieve high torque at low speeds and is more convenient at high speeds. Drivers who need protection against rain and wind can choose a simple shed or cab style.
Check important components, such as batteries, motors, chargers, controllers, tires, brake levers and other configurations. Choose a brand with guaranteed quality and after-sales service.
2. Compliant with laws and regulations: locally approved models. Check whether the production license, certificate of conformity, and three guarantee certificates are valid and complete.
3. performance test. Carry out a test ride to feel the starting, acceleration, driving stability of the vehicle, whether the climbing is strong, whether the handling of the vehicle is comfortable, check the brake tightness, handlebar flexibility, wheel mobility, and shock absorption.
5. Look at the appearance. Note: Whether the weld is full and continuous, the surface is smooth, the quality of paint, electroplating, assembly and so on.
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