A motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy (kinetic energy), that is, after the power is turned on, there will be parts in the device that move, generally rotating. Like electric fans, the heat dissipation part of the computer, the heat dissipation part of the air conditioner and the refrigerator, the motor in the battery car and the car (for the time being, it is considered as a household appliance) all contain a motor to generate electricity. Generate movement and perform mechanical work externally. The following is a brief introduction to the application of motors in household appliances! Application of motor in household appliances ( 1) Electric fan The electric fan is a kind of motor that drives the fan blades to rotate, which accelerates the flow of air, improves the heat exchange conditions between the human body and the surrounding air, and achieves the purpose of ventilation and cooling. Household electric fans can be divided into table fans, ceiling fans, ventilation fans, and page-turning fans according to their structure. In recent years, air-conditioning fans (ie, cooling fans) have appeared. Moreover, many electric fans apply electronic technology and microcomputer technology to develop in the direction of multi-function, comfort and high-end, but their main power - motor is basically the same. Motors for Desk and Ceiling Fans Most of the motors used in table fans use single-phase capacitors to run motors, and the input power is 32 to 85W. In order to reduce costs, single-phase shaded-pole asynchronous motors are also used for desk fans with smaller blade diameters. In order to meet the requirements of people's comfort , the motor adopts reactors, winding shaft heads and electronic circuits to regulate the speed. The motor for the ceiling fan adopts a single-phase capacitor running motor, a fully enclosed outer rotor structure, and the input power is 75-100W. The number of poles of this motor is 14, 16 or 18, etc., and the speed is slow to achieve safety purposes. The motor adopts a reactor with multiple taps and a transfer switch for speed regulation. Motor for page turning fan The fan of the page turning fan is generally driven by a single-phase capacitor running motor, which is usually adjusted with a winding tap. The louvered guide wheel (that is, the grille) in front of the fan blade of the page turning fan uses the rotation of the wind guide wheel to change the wind direction and the wind force in all directions. The wind guide wheel is driven by a single-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor after deceleration. Motors for Air Conditioning Fans (Cooling Fans) This type of fan blows cooler air than normal fans. Its principle is that the single-phase shaded-pole asynchronous motor or the single-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor drives the water (or ice water) curtain to move up and down slowly and roll, and the single-phase capacitor runs the motor to drive the fan to blow out the air with a certain humidity around the water curtain. This cold wind makes people comfortable in the great heat. The drier and hotter the climate, the more obvious the effect of blowing out cold air, because of the certain humidity and the effect of purifying the air. Motor for heater The air heater is also called the hot air heater. When working, the indoor cold air is sucked in by the back of the fan and blown out after being heated by the electric heating element to achieve the purpose of heating. Fan motors are mostly single-phase shaded-pole stepper motors, generally rated at 25-40W. Some heaters install a single-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor with a reducer at the bottom, so that the heater can reciprocate left and right (rotation angle 80°~90°), which is suitable for multiple people or large-scale heating. (2) Microwave oven A domestic microwave oven is a kitchen appliance that uses electromagnetic waves with a frequency of 2450MHz to heat food. The working principle of the microwave oven is that when the electrons emitted by the magnetron pole move toward the anode, they are subjected to the action of the axial magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet in the magnetron, so that the electrons move cycloidly under the dual action of the electric field force and the magnetic field force. The microwave oscillates in the resonant cavity to generate 2450MHz microwave, which is input into the oven cavity through the waveguide to heat the food. Motor for blower The magnetron needs to generate high heat when it is working, and it needs to use a blower to cool it down and work normally. The blower consists of a single-phase shaded-pole asynchronous motor and a fan. The blower not only cools the magnetron, but also cools the transformer, and directs the hot air into the furnace cavity to heat food, which improves the utilization rate of heat energy, and also discharges the steam and smoke from the furnace cavity. motor for agitator The function of the stirrer is to make the microwave field in the oven cavity uniform, so that the food is evenly heated. The stirrer is made of an alloy plate with good electrical conductivity and high strength, and is driven by a single-phase shaded-pole asynchronous motor to rotate, constantly changing the reflection angle of microwaves to improve the distribution of the microwave field in the furnace cavity, so that the food Heat evenly. Some microwave ovens also have a small exhaust fan inside the oven cavity, which plays the role of exhausting and stirring. Motor for turntable Some microwave ovens do not need a stirrer, but install a turntable at the bottom of the oven cavity, and the turntable drives the food to rotate, relatively changing the distribution of the microwave field, so that the food itself is evenly heated. The turntable is driven by a single-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor through gear reduction, and the general speed is 5-10r/min. motor for timer Most microwave ovens use electric timers and single-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors with reducers. The power controller is driven by a single-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor, which is driven by a single-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor. Through the power controller knob to drive the camshaft and other mechanisms to control the closing of the power controller switch, providing the choice of different grades of power. (3) Motors for vacuum cleaners Vacuum cleaners can be divided into vertical, horizontal and portable according to their structure. The working principle of the vacuum cleaner is to use the motor to drive the blades to rotate at a high speed to generate negative air pressure in the sealed casing to absorb dust. The requirements for the motor are high speed, large torque and small size. The electric motor of the household vacuum cleaner adopts a single-phase series excitation motor with an input power of 100-1200W and a rotational speed of 10000-30000r/min. The series motor has harder mechanical properties than the general purpose single-phase series motor, so that when the air duct conditions change, that is, when the motor load changes in a large range, the motor speed does not change much, that is, it can keep the vacuum cleaner in good condition. vacuuming performance. Portable small vacuum cleaners and car vacuum cleaners use permanent magnet DC motors, portable small vacuum cleaners are powered by dry batteries, with a rated voltage of 3V or 6V, and car vacuum cleaners are powered by on-board batteries or generators, with a rated voltage of 12V or 24V. Single-phase series motors and brushed permanent magnet DC motors are very noisy and generate electromagnetic interference. For example, a vacuum cleaner powered by a single-phase series motor with an input power of 800-1000W and a speed of 20,000r/min, its electric fan Noise is 95dB(A). This is the biggest disadvantage of vacuum cleaners, so the application of brushless DC motors is the development trend. (4) Motor for hair dryer Household hair dryers are used for drying hair and shaping, as well as for drying food and clothing. When the hair dryer is powered on, the motor drives the fan blades to rotate, sucks the air from the air inlet, heats it through the electric heating element, and blows the hot air out from the air outlet. The hair dryer sends out hot air of different temperatures by adjusting the number of energized electric heating elements, and also adjusts the supply air temperature and air volume by adjusting the applied power supply voltage. The motors for hair dryers are commonly used single-phase series motors and permanent magnet DC motors, and single-phase shaded-pole asynchronous motors are also used. The input power is generally 6~30W, and the speed is 2500~15000r/min. The above motors all use single-phase 220V power supply, but the permanent magnet DC motor is supplied after the single-phase 220V is rectified and stepped down to a DC voltage of 6-12V. (5) Motors for dishwashers Dishwashers are available in pulsator type and spray arm type. The pulsator dishwasher is driven by a single-phase asynchronous motor to rotate the pulsator containing the dishes to be washed, and the single-phase asynchronous motor drives the water pump to supply water, wash dishes and dishes, and operate the cleaning process regularly. The timer uses a single-phase permanent magnet. Synchronous motor, for the upper drain floor dishwasher, the single-phase shaded-pole asynchronous motor drives the drain pump to pump the water to the drain pipe for discharge.Spray-arm dishwasher, the water is pressurized by the cleaning pump and sprayed through the spray holes of the spray arm. The spray arm is rotated by the reaction force of the spray water, and the water is continuously sprayed on the dishes for cleaning. The drain pump is a Drain after cleaning. Both the cleaning pump and the drain pump use a single-phase asynchronous motor, and the timer uses a single-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor. (6) Motor for Bianjiebao The computer toilet seat, also known as Bianjiebao, completely removes the traditional method of toilet paper cleaning after defecation, and is a major breakthrough in the hygiene of human beings after defecation. Wash with warm water Use the computer to control the valve motor and water pump to complete the cleaning of the washer position. Use a permanent magnet stepping motor or a synchronous motor to control the opening and closing and size of the valve to adjust the amount of water, and use a permanent magnet DC motor or a single-phase capacitor to run the motor to drive the water pump. warm air drying The brushless DC motor is used to drive the centrifugal fan, so that the warm airflow is blown to the part washed with warm water, so as to achieve the purpose of refreshing drying. Deodorant function When the toilet seat is in use, the permanent magnet DC motor is used to drive the fan to work to extract the odor in the toilet. Toilet bowl antifouling and nozzle self-cleaning When the toilet seat is in use, the antifouling nozzle sprays water into the toilet bowl in a fan shape for 3 to 5 seconds, so that the toilet bowl is clean and hygienic. When washing with warm water, the nozzle and nozzle slowly expand and contract, and the nozzle and nozzle automatically release several small streams of water to clean the nozzle to ensure clean water for warm water rinsing. The above functions are completed by the permanent magnet DC motor driven water pump for the warm water washing function. The water in the water tank is also run by the motor pump to send the water to the water tank.
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