Motor fault diagnosis and elimination methods
(1) The stator winding is damp. For generators that have been out of use for a long time or have been overhauled for a long time, the insulation resistance should be measured before being put into operation, and those that fail are not allowed to be put into operation. Wet generators should be dried.
(2) The winding itself is defective or the maintenance process is improper, causing the winding insulation breakdown or mechanical damage. The insulation material should be selected according to the specified insulation grade, and the winding installation and dipping and drying should be carried out in strict accordance with the process requirements.
(3) The winding is overheated. After the insulation is overheated, the insulation performance will be reduced, and sometimes it will quickly cause insulation breakdown at high temperatures. Routine inspections should be strengthened to prevent overheating of various parts of the generator and damage to the winding insulation.
(4) Insulation aging. Generally, the generator runs for more than 15 to 20 years, and its winding insulation is aging, the electrical performance changes, and even the insulation is broken down. It is necessary to do a good job in the overhaul and preventive test of the generator. If the insulation is found to be unqualified, the defective winding insulation should be replaced or the winding should be replaced in time to prolong the service life of the generator.
(5) Metal foreign objects enter the inside of the generator. Do not drop metal objects, parts or tools into the stator chamber after overhauling the generator; tie the binding wire of the rotor and fasten the end parts to avoid the centrifugal force. And loose.
(6) Excessive voltage breakdown:
①The line is struck by lightning, and the lightning protection is not perfect. Lightning protection facilities should be improved.
② Misoperation, such as the generator voltage is raised too high at no load. The generator should be boosted in strict accordance with the operating procedures to prevent misoperation.
③For the internal overvoltage of the generator, including operating overvoltage, arc grounding overvoltage and resonance overvoltage, etc. , the preventive test of the winding insulation should be strengthened, and the defects existing in the stator winding insulation should be discovered and eliminated in time.
Due to improper manufacturing and assembly, the iron core is not fastened properly. If the entire iron core is loose, for small generators, two iron plates smaller than the inner diameter of the stator winding end can be used, and stud bolts can be put on to tighten the iron core. After the original shape is restored, tighten the original clamping bolt of the iron core. If the iron core is loose locally, you can paint silicon steel sheet paint between the loose sheets first, and then drive hard insulating material into the loose part.
(1) The lamination of the iron core is loose , and the iron core vibrates when the generator is running, which damages the insulation; the insulation of individual parts of the iron core is damaged or the iron core is partially overheated, causing the insulation to age, so it is handled according to the method in the original plan.
(2) There are burrs on the edge of the iron core or mechanical damage during maintenance. Use a fine file to remove burrs, trim damage, clean the surface, and apply a coat of silicon steel sheet paint.
(3) If there is solder or copper particles short-circuiting the iron core , scrape or chisel the metal welding joints, and treat the surface well.
(4) An arc short circuit occurs in the winding , which may also cause a short circuit of the iron core. The burnt part should be removed with a chisel, and the surface should be treated well.
(1) The generator does not operate according to the specified technical conditions . For example, if the stator voltage is too high, the iron loss will increase; if the load current is too large, the copper loss of the stator winding will increase; if the frequency is too low, the speed of the cooling fan will slow down, which will affect the generator. Heat dissipation; the power factor is too low, which increases the rotor excitation current and causes the rotor to heat up. It should be checked whether the indication of the monitoring instrument is normal. If it is not normal, make necessary adjustments and treatments to make the generator operate in accordance with the specified technical conditions.
(2) The three-phase load current of the generator is unbalanced , and the overloaded one-phase winding will overheat; if the difference between the three-phase current exceeds 10% of the rated current, it is a serious phase current imbalance, and the three-phase current imbalance will produce Negative sequence magnetic field, thereby increasing losses and causing heating of components such as pole windings and ferrules. The three-phase load should be adjusted to keep the current of each phase as balanced as possible.
(3) The air duct is blocked by dust accumulation and the ventilation is poor , which makes it difficult for the generator to dissipate heat. The dust and grease in the air duct should be removed to make the air duct unobstructed.
(4) If the inlet air temperature is too high or the inlet water temperature is too high, the cooler is blocked. The inlet air or inlet water temperature should be lowered to clear blockages in the cooler. Before the fault is eliminated, the generator load should be limited to reduce the generator temperature.
(5) Too much or too little grease is added to the bearing. Grease should be added according to the regulations, usually 1/2~1/3 of the bearing chamber (the upper limit for low speed and the lower limit for high speed), and should not exceed 70% of the bearing chamber is appropriate.
(6) Bearing wear. If the wear is not serious, the bearing will be overheated locally; if the wear is serious, it may cause friction between the stator and the rotor, causing the stator and the rotor to overheat. The bearing should be checked for noise. If friction between the stator and the rotor is found, it should be stopped immediately for maintenance or replacement of the bearing.
(7) The insulation of the stator iron core is damaged , causing short circuit between sheets, resulting in increased eddy current loss in the iron core and heating, and in severe cases, the stator winding will be damaged. It should be stopped immediately for maintenance.
(8) The parallel wires of the stator winding are broken , which increases the current of other wires and generates heat. It should be stopped immediately for maintenance.
(1) Under normal circumstances, due to the influence of high-order harmonics or the manufacturing process, the air gap under each magnetic pole is uneven and the magnetic potential is unequal, resulting in a very low voltage. If the voltage is one to several volts, there will be no danger. , do not have to deal with it.
(2) There is a short circuit in the generator winding or poor insulation to the ground, which leads to the deterioration of the performance of the electrical equipment and the generator, and it is easy to heat up. It should be repaired in time to avoid the expansion of the accident.
(3) When there is no load, the neutral line has no voltage to the ground, and when there is a load, the voltage is caused by the three-phase imbalance. The three-phase load should be adjusted to make it basically balanced.
(1) If the load is too large, the load should be reduced.
(2) If a phase-to-phase short circuit or ground fault occurs in the transmission line, the line should be overhauled, and it can be restored to normal after the fault is eliminated.
(1) The grid voltage of the generator parallel to the power grid is too high, and the voltage of the parallel generator should be reduced.
(3) If the fault of the excitation device causes over-excitation, the excitation device should be repaired in time.
Due to insufficient compound excitation compensation of the excitation device voltage source, the excitation current required for the armature reaction cannot be provided, so that the terminal voltage of the generator is lower than the grid voltage, and the rated reactive power cannot be sent. The following measures should be taken:
(1) Connect a three-phase voltage regulator between the generator and the excitation reactor to increase the terminal voltage of the generator and gradually increase the magnetic potential of the excitation device.
(2) Change the phase of the voltage magnetomotive force of the excitation device and the terminal voltage of the generator to increase the combined total magnetomotive force. A resistance of thousands of ohms and 10W can be connected in parallel at both ends of each phase winding of the reactor.
(3) Reduce the resistance of the varistor to increase the excitation current of the generator.
(1) The remanence is often lost after shutdown , because the material used in the exciter pole is close to mild steel, and the remanence is less. When there is no current in the excitation winding after shutdown, the magnetic field disappears, and a battery should be prepared to be magnetized before generating electricity.
(2) When the magnetic pole of the generator loses its magnetism , a DC current larger than the rated current (for a short time) should be passed into the winding for magnetization, that is, enough residual magnetism can be restored.
(1) The reactor coil is partially short-circuited, and the reactor should be repaired.
(2) The air gap of the magnetic circuit of the reactor is too large, and the air gap of the magnetic circuit should be adjusted.
(1) The excitation circuit is disconnected, so that the voltage cannot rise. Check whether the excitation circuit is disconnected and whether the contact is good.
(2) The remanence disappears . If the exciter voltmeter has no instructions to indicate that the remanence disappears, the exciter should be magnetized.
(3) If the polarity of the magnetic field coil of the exciter is reversed , its positive and negative connection lines should be exchanged.
(4) When doing some tests in the generator maintenance, the magnetic field coil is mistakenly energized with reverse direct current, resulting in the disappearance or reverse of the residual magnetism, and the magnetization should be re-magnetized.
Analysis of ten faults of servo motor
Three-phase AC servo motors are widely used, but after long-term operation, various failures will occur. It is an important work to prevent the expansion of the fault and ensure the normal operation of the equipment to determine the cause of the fault in time and deal with it accordingly.
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