The development of drive technology, from the original dominance abroad to the emergence of various excellent technologies in China, shows the progress of domestic technology. At the same time, it can also be seen that every technological innovation will bring about several market revolutions that use high-end technology to guide the market.
1. Constant voltage driveSingle voltage drive means that the motor windingDuring operation, only one direction of voltage is used to power the winding, and multiple windings are alternately supplied with voltage. This method is an older driving method and is basically not used now. Advantages: simple circuit, few components, simple control, and relatively simple implementation.Disadvantages: A transistor with a sufficiently large current must be provided for switching, and the stepper motorThe running speed is relatively low, the motor vibrates greatly, and generates a lot of heat. Since it is no longer used, I will not describe it in detail. 2. High and low voltage drive Due to the many shortcomings of constant voltage drive mentioned above, with the further development of technology, new high and low voltage drives have been developed to improve some of the shortcomings of constant voltage drive. The principle of high and low voltage drive is to use high voltage control when the motor moves to a full step, use low voltage control when it moves to a half step, and also use low voltage to control when it stops.Advantages: High and low voltage control improves vibration and noise to a certain extent. It is the first time that the concept of subdivision control of stepper motors is proposed. At the same time, a working mode in which the current is halved when stopped is also proposed. Disadvantages: The circuit is relatively complex compared to constant voltage drive, and the requirements for the high-frequency characteristics of the transistor are increased. The motor still vibrates greatly at low speed and generates a lot of heat. This drive mode is basically not used now. 3. Self-excited constant current chopper drive The working principle of the self-excited constant current chopper drive is that when the current reaches a certain set value, the hardware will shut down the current, and then switch to another winding for energization. When the current of the other winding reaches a certain fixed current, it can be shut down by hardware again, and this process is repeated to drive the stepper motor to operate. Advantages: The noise is greatly reduced, the speed is increased to a certain extent, and the performance is improved compared to the previous two. Disadvantages: It has relatively high requirements for circuit design and circuit anti-interference, and it is easy to cause high frequency and burn out the driving components, and it has relatively high requirements for component performance. 4. Current comparison chopper drive (the main technology currently used in the market The current comparison chopper drive converts the stepper motor winding current value into a certain proportion of voltage, compares it with the preset value output by the D/A converter, and controls the switch of the power tube based on the comparison result, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the winding phase current. The official account "Mechanical Engineering Collection" is a gas station for engineers! Advantages: It enables motion control to simulate the characteristics of sine waves, greatly improving performance. The motion speed and noise are relatively small, and relatively high subdivision can be used. It is currently a popular control method. Disadvantages: The circuit is relatively complex, and it is difficult to control the interference in the circuit to meet the theoretical requirements. It is easy to produce jitter. When controlling the peaks and troughs of the sine wave, it is easy to cause high-frequency interference, which in turn causes the drive components to heat up or age due to excessive frequency. This is also the main reason why many drivers are prone to red light protection when they have been used for more than one year. 5. Submersible drive This is a new motion control technology, which is a brand new driving method that overcomes the shortcomings of the current comparison chopper drive technology. Its core technology is to add drive component heating and high-frequency suppression protection technology to the current comparison chopper drive. Advantages: In addition to the advantages of current comparison chopper drive, it generates very little heat and has a long service life. Disadvantages: Brand-new technology, relatively high price, and currently the matching requirements for each stepper motor and driver are relatively strict.
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