1. What is a micromotor?

Motors include large motors, small and medium-sized motors, and micromotors. The so-called micromotor refers to a motor with a small volume and capacity, and a rated output power generally less than 750W and below. The full name is a micromotor. It is often used in control systems to realize the detection, analysis, amplification, execution or conversion of electromechanical signals or energy. Function, or load for moving machinery.

Micromotors are indispensable key basic electromechanical components for industrial automation, office automation, home automation, and weapons and equipment automation. They are widely used in automobiles, household appliances, electric vehicles, speakers, communications, computers, daily cosmetics, robots, and the aerospace industry. , industrial machinery, military and automation and other fields.

With the continuous development of the world economy and the improvement of people's living standards, micromotors have become indispensable basic electromechanical products. They include low- to mid-range, low-investment, labor-intensive products, as well as products that use advanced manufacturing technology, emerging electronic technologies and new technologies. Materials technology applications combine high-investment technology-intensive products, and production and sales have become globalized.

2. Development and layout of micromotors in China

China's micromotor industry was founded in the late 1950s. In order to meet the needs of national defense weapons and equipment, it has gone through the stages of imitation, self-design and research and development, technology introduction, and large-scale production. It has a production history of more than 50 years and has now formed A basically complete industrial system with product development, large-scale production and key components, key materials, special manufacturing equipment, and special testing instruments. Over the years, China has attached great importance to the improvement and transformation of manufacturing technology, paying special attention to the introduction of advanced technology and equipment, and now has the characteristics of modern large-scale production.

The distribution of China's micromotor industry shows a pattern of "strong in the east and weak in the west", mainly concentrated in the eastern coastal areas. In particular, the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, and the Bohai Bay Rim have formed China's main production bases and export bases for micromotors. At the same time, the eastern coastal areas are also regions with the strongest capabilities in supporting micromotors' key parts, materials, and special equipment. In recent years, with the rising labor and business costs in the eastern coastal areas and the policy support in the central and western regions, some companies have considered gradually moving to the central and western regions.

In order to meet various application requirements, the continuous development of new structures, the use of new materials, and improved processing techniques are still the focus of the development of micromotors, such as axial disk structures, block combination structures, sheet windings, etc., and high-performance rare earth permanent magnets The widespread application of new materials such as , ceramic alloys, solid magnets, and high-strength engineering plastics is having a profound impact on the development of micromotor technology.

The disciplines and technical fields involved in micromotor technology include motor technology, material technology, computing technology, control technology, microelectronics technology, power electronics technology, sensing technology, network technology, etc. It is a comprehensive technology that intersects multiple disciplines and technical fields. The latest achievements in various disciplines and technical fields can be quickly applied in the field of micromotors, especially the development and application of new materials, the development and application of new generation drive technology, and the development of networked control technology. Bring new development concepts and penetrate them into product applications.

3. Some problems existing in the micromotor industry

1. The micromotor manufacturing process is relatively complex, involving precision machinery, refinement and micro-processing, as well as magnetic material processing, winding manufacturing, insulation processing and other process technologies. It requires a large number of process equipment and high precision. In order to ensure the quality of the product, a series of precise testing instruments are needed. This is an industry with high technical and technological requirements. Most of the technical techniques cannot be obtained by simple introduction. It requires a long period of digestion, absorption and secondary development to master. Some key Craft positions also require experienced technical workers to be competent. Therefore, it is more difficult for general enterprises to enter technology-intensive micro-motor products that require a combination of advanced manufacturing technology, emerging electronic technology and new material technology.

2. There are many types of micromotors. Only through large-scale production and good cost control capabilities can we effectively allocate fixed costs and increase the marginal revenue of unit products, and have sufficient strength to carry out product improvement, talent introduction and R&D innovation. Gradually establish corporate brand and quality advantages. At present, there are a large number of small and medium-sized micromotor companies in China. Most of these companies are concentrated in the low-end product market. The competition is fierce and the gross profit margin is limited. The limited profits make it difficult for small and medium-sized micromotor companies to rely on their own accumulation to develop and grow, forming a Large-scale production and entry into the high-end market. Based on this operating environment, new companies with weaker financial strength have difficulty in long-term survival and development due to lack of economies of scale. In particular, it is difficult for new companies to make breakthroughs in product innovation and compete with large-scale companies.

4. Development trends of micromotor industry

With the deepening of innovation and application of new technologies, new materials and new processes in the household appliance micro-motor industry, the technical level of the industry continues to improve, showing the following development trends:

1. Energy saving and high efficiency

As environmental awareness gradually increases, consumers begin to pay more attention to the energy-saving efficiency of products. Driven by technological upgrading, the energy-saving and high-efficiency of household appliances has shown a trend of continuous and in-depth development. One of the main energy-consuming parts of household appliances is the motor, and ordinary motors have low efficiency. Therefore, improving the efficiency of the motor is an effective energy-saving measure. The development of high-efficiency and energy-saving motors has become an industry consensus. The specific performance of energy-saving and high-efficiency micro motors is through optimizing electromagnetic and structural design, using new materials, new equipment and improving manufacturing processes to reduce the copper, iron, stray and mechanical losses of the motor, and improve the utilization level in the energy conversion process, or By using one machine for multiple purposes, it can improve the working efficiency of single-machine household appliances. At present, micro motors for household appliances are developing towards high efficiency and energy saving.

2. Permanent magnetization and brushless

In order to improve the reliability of micro motors, reduce noise, and improve electromagnetic compatibility performance, the international community has been committed to the development of brushless motor products. Compared with brushed motors, brushless motors have the advantages of high efficiency, low energy consumption, low noise, ultra-long life, high reliability, servo control, and stepless frequency conversion speed regulation. As micro motors become brushless, the widespread application of permanent magnet materials in micro motors has become an inevitable trend. In recent decades, rare earth permanent magnet materials have developed rapidly, which are characterized by high coercivity, strong resistance to demagnetization, and the conventional demagnetization curve is linearly reversible in a wide range, opening up broad prospects for the promotion of permanent magnet brushless motors. In the future, permanent magnet brushless motor products are increasingly being used by manufacturers. China's abundant rare earth resources provide a good foundation for the development of permanent magnet brushless motors. Advances in permanent magnet materials, power electronics, integrated circuit technology and computer technology have also promoted the development of permanent magnet brushless motors.

3. Intelligent and modular

With the intelligent upgrade of home appliances, micro motors have evolved from simple starting control and power supply in the past to precise control of speed, position, torque, etc. As the functions of household appliances continue to extend, their supporting micro motor products are being given more missions. Micro motor intelligent modules are widely used in various types of household appliances to achieve high-precision and intelligent functions. The intelligence and modularization of micro motors refer to the combination of multiple micro motors, micro motors and sensors, other machinery, and control systems, or even the integration of micro motors, transmissions, sensors, and controllers to integrate modern control Theory, power electronics technology, microelectronics technology, etc., form a new generation of electric servo systems, thereby significantly improving the accuracy and intelligence of the system. For example, the issuer's air-conditioning smart eye product integrates micro motors, temperature sensors, infrared detectors and other components to realize the function of automatically detecting the human body's position and body temperature and adjusting wind direction and temperature in real time. In the future, intelligent electromechanical modules that highly integrate sensors and controllers have become an important research and development direction for global micro-motor manufacturing companies.